Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Chronic Nitrofurantoin Use

Introduction: Since 2011, nitrofurantoin has been reconsidered as a first-line treatment, but it can cause rare pulmonary and liver toxicity. Chronic use can lead to interstitial lung disease (ILD). The case presented highlights the suspicion of ILD in patients with respiratory symptoms after prolonged nitrofurantoin use. Case presentation: A 64-year-old woman receiving nitrofurantoin long-term developed severe pulmonary symptoms. After ruling out infections and autoimmune diseases, pulmonary toxicity was suspected. Treatment produced significant improvement, and she was discharged, continuing therapy and discontinuing nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin toxicity is underreported in Mexico. Despite being safe, prolonged use can cause serious effects, so regular follow-up is essential.