Functionalized Starch Polymers in Packaging: Advances in Bioengineering and Material Science

ABSTRACT Background Conventional plastics pose significant environmental challenges, prompting research into biodegradable alternatives. Starch‐based packaging materials represent a promising eco‐friendly solution derived from renewable sources. Scope and Approach This review examines recent developments in starch‐based polymers for packaging applications, focusing on modification techniques, property enhancements, and environmental performance. Key Findings and Conclusions Chemical modifications and physical blending have successfully improved the mechanical strength and barrier properties of starch‐based materials. Integration of nanotechnology has yielded starch nanocomposites with superior tensile strength and enhanced moisture and gas barrier properties. Life cycle analyses demonstrate significant reductions in environmental impact compared to traditional plastics, confirming advantages in biodegradability and carbon footprint. Despite progress, challenges in scalability and cost‐effectiveness remain. Future directions include bio‐based hybrid materials and smart packaging solutions, suggesting continued innovation in this field. Significance and Novelty This comprehensive review synthesizes technical advancements and environmental benefits of starch‐based packaging materials, providing valuable insights for researchers and industry stakeholders seeking sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics.