Advances in the Clinical Management of Incarcerated External Abdominal Hernia: Basics, Clinics and Perspectives

本文系统梳理嵌顿性腹外疝的临床诊疗进展。首先从基础理论层面，阐述其病理生理机制及传统诊断方法的演变历程；在此基础上，重点解析影像学技术革新、精准化体格检查策略及新型生物标志物在临床诊断中的应用价值。针对治疗领域，从急诊手术干预原则、非手术适应症把握、术后并发症防控体系三个维度，系统评述当前治疗策略的循证依据。进一步聚焦腹腔镜技术迭代、生物材料研发及智能导航系统等关键技术突破。同时深入剖析治疗时机抉择、术式选择争议及长期预后评估等临床决策难点。最后从个体化诊疗、预防体系构建及多学科协同创新等维度展望未来发展方向，以期为临床诊疗策略优化及研究方向确立提供理论依据。This article systematically summarizes the advances in the clinical management of incarcerated external abdominal hernia. Firstly, from the basic theoretical level, it describes its pathophysiological mechanisms and the evolution of traditional diagnostic methods; on this basis, it focuses on the analysis of the innovation of imaging technology, the strategy of precise physical examination and the application value of new biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. In terms of treatment, the evidence-based basis of current treatment strategies is systematically reviewed from the three dimensions of the principles of emergency surgical intervention, grasp of non-surgical indications, and prevention and control system of postoperative complications. We will further focus on key technological breakthroughs such as laparoscopic technology iteration, biomaterials research and development, and intelligent navigation systems. At the same time, we will analyze the difficulties in clinical decision-making, such as the timing of treatment, controversy over the choice of surgical procedure, and long-term prognosis assessment. Finally, we look forward to the future development direction from the dimensions of individualized diagnosis and treatment, the construction of a prevention system and multidisciplinary collaborative innovation, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of clinical diagnosis and treatment strategy and the establishment of research direction.