Approaches and Methods of Substantiating Rational Strategies to Pull out of Operation Ecologically Dangerous Projects

The article studies approaches and methods to finding optimum strategies to pull out of operation ecologically dangerous projects (illustrated by projects of nuclear industry) that are characterized by minimum costs of this process. For key variants of this strategy used in practice, i.e. permanent conservation of the project, its liquidation after temporary conservation, immediate liquidation after work ceasing the authors put forward tasks of cost minimization that takes into account interaction between their components, among which the following costs were identified: pulling out of operation, losses caused by radioactive emanation during the process, including risky losses of accidents, risk-cutting costs. The authors found regularities in cost changeability over time with due regard to features of their amortization depending on decreasing level of radiation from project brought to a stop and personnel health and life damage connected with it, who carry out its pulling out of operation, possible rise in accident risks and the necessity to eliminate their after-effects. Opportunities to cut damage to health and life of liquidators at the expense of changing shifts were studied. Conditions providing benefits of the mentioned strategy variants were demonstrated and examples of their use in the US, Great Britain and Russia were described.