HISTORICAL TIME, THE SUBJECT OF HISTORY AND THE SUBJECT-HISTORIAN: ON THE PROBLEM OF TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION

The article provides a list of textual tactics of representing historical time, identified in the analysis of Russian-language textbooks on the history of China, their universality and national specificity are noted, two key tactics related to the interaction of the positions of the subject-historian (modus) and subjects of history (dictum and modus) are analyzed. These are 1) the variability of the reference point on the time scale — its movement according to the will of the historian from modernity to ancient times; 2) the differentiation or fusion of the positions of an extra-textual modus subject — historian and intra-textual subjects of history, which, in addition to a dictum role (participation in events), can also play a modus role (assessment, witnessing, planning events, etc.). Linguistic analysis confirms the characteristics of historical time postulated in the works of historians, philosophers and cultural historians, and its differences from calendar time — social character, connection with value categories and goal-setting, with narrative intrigue, categories of subject and space, differentiation of the concepts of “Time-1” and “Time-2”. “Change” as the main character of history is manifested not only in the dynamics of events, but also in the dynamics of points of view on them. The role of specific linguistic means (in particular adjectives and adverbs temporary, temporarily, in time, some time, later, subsequent, former, new, ancient, etc.; nouns with a temporal component of meaning, such as tradition, relic; noun forms, etc.) in the organization of nonlinear, socially conditioned and event-filled historical time as a text construct is considered. To explain the sentences in which the time of an event is localized relative to the time of another event and relative to modernity, the concept of a “triple time bundle” is introduced.