Transcriptomes and its role in Plant development as well as under Stress Conditions

With the advancement of Genomic studies, different types of –OMICS have been developed like Genomics, Proteomics, Transcriptomics, Metabolomics and lastly DNA-Adductomes .These are used to understand complex biological processes as well as to identify different problems in growth, development, stress conditions and diseases in all organisms. One of the important discipline Transcriptomes or Transcriptomics has been discussed here. In this discipline, all transcripts (messenger RNA/mRNA) having both coding and non-coding mRNA originating from DNA are dealt with. The analysis of the entire collection of RNA sequences (coding and non-coding sequences) of cell is very important as it will show when and where each gene is turned on or off under different conditions. Transcriptome analysis is generally done through special technique called Single Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA seq) that has been discussed in detail. The role of Transcriptomics in plant development has been studied in the Shoot and Root Meristems of different plants. Its importance has also been discussed in plants under different stress conditions (both external and internal) such as biotic, abiotic, drought, salinity etc. This study will help to identify Stress-responsive and Stress-tolerance genes (Priming Genes) having important applications in adaptation. Thus transcriptomic studies have wide applications in plants to identify genes and their expressions in the development of Shoot Apical Meristems and Root Apical Meristems. This technique can also be applied to understand differentially expressed genes under different environmental stresses.