Factors Affecting CSR Disclosure by Takaful Insurance Companies During the Pandemic Crisis

This study explores the key factors driving corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSR_DISC) by Takaful insurance companies (TKIs) in Saudi Arabia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We use content analysis and follow an unweighted scoring method to score the CSR_DISC index. Based on a sample of 26 Saudi-listed TKIs, for the period 2020–2024, we employ Poisson panel and negative binomial panel models to examine the interdependent relationships between CSR_DISCs and a set of corporate governance factors. We find that Saudi TKIs increased their CSR_DISCs in their financial reporting during and after the COVID-19 crisis. These findings confirm that board and firm size have a significant and negative effect on corporate CSR_DISC. However, the number of independent board members and female directors positively affect the extent of CSR_DISCs. Finally, the size of the audit committee and the Shariah supervisory board, frequency of board meetings, and profitability do not affect CSR_DISCs.