Research on Cultural Adaptation and Enhancement Strategies for South Asian International Students in China under the "Belt and Road" Initiative—Taking Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives as Examples

With the advancement of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the number of South Asian students studying in China has continued to grow, and the various challenges they face during their study abroad have become increasingly prominent year by year. Notably, the difficulties encountered in the process of cross-cultural adaptation have emerged as a significant issue that cannot be ignored in the research and development of international student education in Chinese universities. Based on a literature analysis method, this study explores the cultural backgrounds and characteristics of South Asian students studying in China, analyzes the challenges they may face in aspects such as social life, academic adaptation, mental health, and interpersonal relationships, and examines the cultural difference roots of these issues. Finally, the study proposes measures such as conducting language and cross-cultural adaptation training, establishing international student associations, improving the care system, and reforming educational management models to enhance the cross-cultural adaptation level of South Asian students. The aim is to improve their learning quality and living standards in China and promote the healthy development of international education cooperation.