Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) Project Appraisal for Potential Malaysia Reservoirs

The global demand for sustainable energy solutions has caused research into innovative technology that utilizes renewable resources. Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems have emerged as a viable option for optimizing solar energy output. Despite Malaysia's plentiful water resources and rising energy demand, there is limited literature on FPV studies in Malaysia. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to assessing Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems on reservoirs in Malaysia, addressing the gap in localized feasibility studies for such installations. The study evaluates the technical, environmental and geographical viability of FPV systems using PVsyst software, a widely recognized platform for modelling solar energy systems. A feasibility study examines the prospective of 14 dams across Malaysia and 3 were selected which is Sungai Selangor Dam, Babagon Dam and Bakun Dam based on crucial factor such as solar irradiance, weather patterns and topographical features. The findings reveal the potential for an average annual energy generation of 85,000 MWh to achieve a performance ratio of Malaysian standard version 2018 above 75% along with a significant environmental impact including an estimated reduction of 237,081.71 tons of CO₂ emissions each year. This research emphasizes the need for FPV designs that are specifically tailored to the unique characteristics of Malaysian reservoirs, to maximize energy output and minimize ecological impact. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers, investors and energy developers, offering a practical tool to support the adoption of FPV technology. By demonstrating both energy and environmental advantages, this study contributes to Malaysia’s renewable energy objectives and supports the global shift toward sustainable energy solutions.