Three-Dimensional Modeling of Dam-Breach Development due to Overtopping Failure Using FLOW-3D

Effective flood management necessitates precise modeling of the breaching process to mitigate risks to downstream communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. In this study, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model, FLOW-3D Hydro, is used to simulate the breaching process due to overtopping failure. The model is calibrated by comparing simulated breach dimensions with those measured in a laboratory dam-breach experiment, ensuring model reliability and accuracy. The breach initiates at the dam crest’s center, where fluid dynamics and sediment erosion interactions are simulated. Key breaching characteristics (e.g., breach top width and maximum depth) computed by the 3D model are compared with the experimental measurements, highlighting the model’s ability to replicate the complex dam failure physics. These results demonstrate dam breach dynamics and provide insights for improving flood management strategies.