Effect of Bio-fertilizers on Yield and Quality Attributes of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)

Aims: The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers on yield and quality attributes of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Background: The excessive and prolonged use of chemical fertilizers in broccoli cultivation has led to several negative consequences, including soil degradation, nutrient imbalance, reduced microbial diversity, and environmental pollution. These adverse effects ultimately hinder the sustainable enhancement of yield and crop quality. In contrast, biofertilizers offer an eco-friendly and efficient alternative, promoting soil health and enhancing plant growth through natural processes. By improving nutrient availability, stimulating root development, and supporting beneficial microbial activity, biofertilizers play a crucial role in boosting both yield and the quality of broccoli heads. Their use not only reduces dependency on harmful synthetic inputs but also contributes to long-term agricultural sustainability and food safety. Methodology: This study was conducted during 2022–2023 at the Horticulture Research Farm-1, Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.), India. The experiment included twelve treatments (T0–T11) to evaluate the impact of various biofertilizer combinations on broccoli yield and quality. T0 was the control (no fertilizer), while T1 received 100% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizers). Treatments T2 to T4 involved sole applications of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and VAM (Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza), respectively. T5 to T7 combined RDF with each biofertilizer (50% each), and T8 to T10 tested biofertilizer pairings (50% each). T11 integrated RDF, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and VAM at 25% each to assess synergistic effects. Findings: The treatment T7 (RDF + VAM at 50% each) recorded the highest performance across all yield and quality parameters of broccoli, including maximum curd weight (558.64 g), curd diameter (168.22 mm), curd volume (1196.36 cc), total yield (359.98 q/ha), and vitamin-C content (92.54 mg/100g). It also showed the highest dry matter content (31.16%) and titratable acidity (0.87%). T6 (RDF + Azospirillum at 50% each) was the next best treatment, showing significant improvements in yield and quality traits compared to other combinations. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study concluded that the combination of RDF and VAM at 50% each (T7) was most effective in enhancing broccoli yield and quality, followed by RDF + Azospirillum (T6). It is recommended to adopt the T7 treatment for sustainable production with reduced chemical input and improved crop performance.