Features of the main stages of the development of monumental church painting in Russia from the Old Russian period to the present day

The research aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the main stages of the development of monumental church painting in Russia from the Old Russian period to the present day and to identify the relationship between the artistic, historical-cultural, and religious factors that have significantly influenced the formation and transformation of this art form. The article provides an analytical overview of the main stages in the development of monumental church painting from the Kievan period to the present day. The work examines the key moments in the formation and evolution of this art form, its connection with historical events, as well as changes in the religious and cultural sphere. Particular attention is paid to transitional stages, such as the origin and flourishing of the Old Russian school, the influence of Byzantine traditions, the processes of secularization and renewal of church art in modern times. Various styles and directions characteristic of each stage are analyzed, such as the Byzantine canon, the Novgorod and Moscow schools, Baroque and Classicism, as well as modern approaches to creating church murals. Changes in techniques, iconographic programs, and semantic emphases are reflected, depending on the socio-cultural context. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the application of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the formation and development of monumental church painting in Russia, which combines the historical, artistic, and culturological aspects of this problem. In contrast to previous works, this article focuses on the interaction of a complex of factors: religious, temporal, social, and aesthetic, which determine the dynamics of changes in church art. For the first time, a holistic concept is proposed that explains the mechanisms of continuity and transformation of artistic traditions at various stages of the development of monumental church painting. As a result of the research, key patterns as well as individual characteristics of the evolution of monumental church painting at various stages of its development were identified. The relationship between artistic, historical-cultural, and religious factors influencing the formation and transformation of this art form was established.