Effects of Smoking on Macrophage Polarization in Peri‐Implantitis Lesions
Smoking is associated with a pro-inflammatory shift at the cellular level due to an increase in M1 macrophage polarization in PI lesions, suggesting a pro-inflammatory response that may exacerbate tissue destruction and hinder treatment outcomes. These findings highlight the need for incorporating smoking cessation into comprehensive peri-implant care strategies to improve disease management and implant prognosis.
Authors
- Alberto Monje (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-1927)
- Cristina Vallés
- Ettore Amerio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-6888)
- Agustín Muñoz‐Sanz
- José Nart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-4992)
- Francesco Sparano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-3095)
Institutions
- University of Bern (CH)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IT)
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (ES)
- Universidad de Extremadura (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Clinical Oral Implants Research
- Published
- 2025-05-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.14448
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.37
Funders
- International Team for Implantology
- Universidad de Extremadura