Flood Incidences and Their Implication on Rural Riverine Settlements: A Case of Tana River County, Kenya.

Flooding is a significant challenge, affecting livelihoods, infrastructure, and the environment in rural riverine settlements. The study investigates the implications of flood incidences on rural riverine settlements. Specifically, it assesses the extent and effects of flood incidences. It examines the key drivers of flood incidents on rural riverine settlements along the River Tana. Finally, it proposes strategies that can be used to mitigate the effects of flood incidences on rural riverine settlements. The study employed a descriptive survey design with qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyze flood incidences in seven settlements in Lot Two, selected by the County Government of Tana River. The study was grounded on the systems theory of planning as the proponent. Secondary data was obtained from various sources, including peer-reviewed journals, government records, and remotely sensed data. Primary data was collected through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and observations that included direct observation, photography, and mapping techniques using a global positioning system (GPS) and measuring tape. Data analysis incorporated descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and GIS-based spatial analysis. Quantitative data was presented in tables, charts and maps. The results reveal, among other things, that the effects of the floods included recurring displacement and destruction of property. The key drivers of flood hazards are, among others, a lack of proper riverine and land use planning and policies to mitigate the effects of flood incidences on rural riverine settlements. The study concludes that flood incidences positively and negatively affect rural riverine settlements. A comprehensive approach integrating structural and non-structural measures is essential for sustainable flood management and riverine settlements.