Challenges and countermeasures for local governments in the implementation of the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023‒2030)

Background & Aims: The China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023-2030) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan) is a critical programmatic document developed by China in response to the new demands of biodiversity conservation in the contemporary era.It outlines the strategic direction and objectives for future biodiversity conservation efforts.As grass-roots implementer of the Action Plan, local governments play a pivotal role, and their execution directly influence the overall effectiveness of the Action Plan.Results: We examine the difficulties faced by local governments during the implementation of the Action Pan.Firstly, the integration of biodiversity into broader policy frameworks remains inadequate, inter-departmental coordination mechanisms require further development, existing policies and regulations need refinement for better implementation, public and corporate awareness is insufficient, and social engagement remains limited.Secondly, funding sources are overly concentrated, and a diversified financing mechanism has yet to mature.Thirdly, the construction and optimization of the biodiversity monitoring network warrant further attention.Recommendations: To ensure the successful implementation of the Action Plan at the local level, it is recommended to strengthen policy coordination refine evaluation mechanisms for local governments, optimize the allocation while