Synthesis of Stable SnI<sub>2</sub>·<i>x</i>DMSO Adducts toward Efficient Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells
Sn-Pb narrow-bandgap perovskites are indispensable for achieving highly efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells as bottom subcells. However, facile oxidation of Sn<sup>2+</sup> into Sn<sup>4+</sup> leads to the poor precursor stability, which largely hinders the development of Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we present a novel strategy to synthesize SnI<sub>2</sub>·<i>x</i>DMSO intermedium adducts in situ utilizing a mild one-to-one reaction between molecular SnI<sub>4</sub> and metallic Sn. This approach avoids the formation of low-coordinated SnI<sub>2</sub>·<i>x</i>DMSO clusters (<i>x</i> ≤ 2), yielding highly coordinated SnI<sub>2</sub>·<i>x</i>DMSO (<i>x</i> = 3) adducts with enhanced antioxidation ability. The resultant precursor showed outstanding stability and reproducibility. The aged precursor for 7 days maintains its initial properties. Consequently, the resulting Sn-Pb PSCs deliver an impressive efficiency of 22.64% and retain ∼ 90% of their initial value after maximum power point operation under simulated one-sun illumination in air for 530 h under encapsulation. Our finding provides an effective pathway to enhance the intrinsic antioxidant capacity of Sn<sup>2+</sup> in perovskite precursors, paving a way for the development of efficient and reproducible Sn-Pb PSCs.
Authors
- Dayu Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-8718)
- Jiang Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-2943)
- Haisheng Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-7975)
- Ling Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-5769)
- Juan Du (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3337)
- Shuwen Yan
- Ciyu Ge (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-9412)
- Chao Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-5346)
- Zhenkai Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2433-0251)
- Xinzhi Zu
- Chong Dong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-7369)
- Dewei Chu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-0560)
- Shuping Pang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-4104)
- Zeyu Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3153-7292)
- Yongxin Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-6271)
- Qi Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-9152)
- Ying Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-8309)
- Luying Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4741-6882)
- Xuke Yang
- Long Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-7720)
- Jun Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-0775)
Institutions
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Yangtze Optical Electronic (China) (CN)
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering (AU)
- Institute for Advanced Study (DE)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Published
- 2025-05-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c05430
- Citations
- 7
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.11
Funders
- University of New South Wales
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan Municipal Science and Technology Bureau
- National Key Research and Development Program of China