Surface Modification of Sustainable Bio-Derived Areca Sheath Fibers for Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties in Epoxy-Based Biocomposites: Spectroscopic, Thermogravimetric, and Crystallographic Insights

The present study investigates the effect of chemical surface modification on the mechanical and thermal properties of bio-derived areca sheath fiber-reinforced epoxy biocomposites. The primary objective was to enhance fiber-matrix interactions and improve biocomposite performance through alkaline, permanganate, acrylation, acetylation, and benzene diazonium chloride treatments. The chemical treatments were validated using FTIR, TGA, and XRD analyses, which confirmed structural modifications and improved thermal stability. The results showed significant enhancement in tensile, flexural, and impact strength, with peak performance observed at an optimized fiber loading of 36%. The treated fibers exhibited better interfacial bonding, leading to improved stress transfer mechanisms. These sustainable biocomposites demonstrate potential for applications in lightweight structural components, such as partition panels, roofing materials, and prefabricated structures, offering a promising solution for eco-friendly and high-performance materials in various applications.