Physics-based normalization for early leading-edge vortex circulation growth

When analyzing leading-edge vortex growth, there are several different ways that researchers have normalized relevant quantities. In order to better compare between different motions and conditions, a normalization grounded in the fundamental equations is necessary. To achieve that, this paper derives a non-dimensionalization of circulation and time from an integral analysis of the vorticity equation and tests the efficacy of this non-dimensionalization on data from surging, rotating, and pitching wings.