Mining Dams as Industrial and Environmental Heritage: The Mining Dams of Huelva (Spain)

Abstract UNESCO defines heritage is the legacy we inherit from the past, which we live with today, and which we will pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage is an irreplaceable source of life and inspiration. The province of Huelva, in Andalusia, Spain, has a rich mining history that has left a significant legacy in its landscape and culture. Industrial Heritage encompasses both movable and immovable assets created throughout history by human extraction and production activities. The assets are integrated into a specific environment that must also be protected, as industry arises from society's use of the natural environment. Among the most outstanding elements of this industrial heritage are mining Dams, fundamental structures for water management and environmental preservation in extraction areas. This work documents the history, construction methodology and state of conservation of the main mining Dams in Huelva, assesses their heritage value, analyses their environmental impact and explores their educational and tourism potential. It also identifies the challenges and proposes conservation strategies to ensure the preservation of these unique constructions.