Robust two-stage controller for the bidirectional “full-bridge Buck inverter–DC motor” fed by renewable energy

This paper introduces a robust two-stage tracking controller tailored for the bidirectional “full-bridge Buck inverter–DC motor” system, which is specifically designed to operate with alternative energy sources that generate DC voltage. The controller architecture combines differential flatness, sliding mode control, and proportional-integral control strategies to achieve precise angular velocity tracking. The integration of these control methodologies enables the system to adapt in real time to the challenges posed by renewable energy inputs, including variability and intermittency, while maintaining stable operation under different system conditions. The performance and robustness of the proposed controller are evaluated through detailed numerical simulations conducted in MATLAB-Simulink. These simulations allowed for an assessment under specific test conditions. These conditions included ideal scenarios as well as varying operational cases, such as parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. To further validate its practicality, experimental tests were conducted to observe the controller's real-world effectiveness. The results demonstrate that the two-stage controller successfully achieves high performance in closed-loop, with consistent angular velocity tracking despite fluctuations in the renewable energy power supply, changes in electrical load resistance, and disturbances in mechanical load torque. • Robust two-stage velocity controller for bidirectional trajectory tracking. • Design accounts for dynamics of renewable energy supply variations. • Controller is based on flatness, sliding mode, and proportional-integral techniques. • Compared with other controllers to demonstrate improved closed-loop performance. • Validated closed-loop performance via simulations and experimental tests.