Exploring the Oncogenic Potential of Bisphenol F in Ovarian Cancer Development

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological cancer characterized by high morbidity and mortality associated with poor survival outcomes. Bisphenol F (BPF), a widely used analog of bisphenol A (BPA), has recently gained attention due to its potential endocrine-disrupting properties and ubiquitous environmental presence. However, the carcinogenic potential of BPF in OC has not been well explored. This study investigates the effects of BPF on ovarian carcinogenesis by assessing its pathological impact on cellular processes, including cell proliferation, wound healing, and cell invasion. OC cells, SKOV3 were treated with varying concentrations of BPF (0.01–250 µM). Cell viability was assessed using Alamar Blue assay, and migration ability was analyzed using wound-healing assay. Further, the total antioxidative capability (T-AOC) was measured. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s-t-test/ANOVA, with a significance set at p < 0.05. BPF exhibited a dual role in cell viability, enhancing cell proliferation at low concentrations (1 µM: p = 0.034; 10 µM: p = 0.012) while exerting cytotoxic effects at higher concentrations (250 µM: p = 0.021). Further, a wound-healing assay demonstrated that a lower concentration, 1 µM BPF promoted cell migration (p = 0.0345), indicating its involvement in OC. However, a non-significant difference was observed in the invasive potential and T-AOC of BPF-treated SKOV3 cells. Our findings provide key insights into the effects of BPF on cellular processes linked with ovarian carcinogenesis, emphasizing the need for future experiments to comprehend its mechanisms of action.