Optimizing campus microgrid energy systems: Economic, environmental, and sensitivity insights

• Optimal sizing of both standalone and grid-connected microgrids is performed by using HOMER pro. • Analyze the effect of an Energy Storage System on minimizing energy costs. • Microgrid scenario of 12 different combinations on grid-connected and standalone is analyzed. • Techno-economic and sensitivity analyses identify the connections between different parameters. • Significant enhancements in cost savings, reductions in emissions, and social benefits. Energy demand is growing rapidly, especially in developing countries like India, where conventional energy sources dominate. Tackling energy challenges is essential due to resource limitations and rising carbon emissions. This work develops an optimized Hybrid Energy System design for the Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai by integrating solar, wind, diesel generator and battery storage to enhance energy reliability and sustainability. The system is analyzed under both grid-connected and standalone microgrid configurations using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable, with an emphasis on techno-economic feasibility and environmental impact. A sensitivity analysis also conducted to evaluate the effects of resource availability and cost fluctuations on the net present cost and electricity cost. Environmental analysis highlights a dramatic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, with CO 2 emissions dropping from 2,756,885 kg/year to 14,621 kg/year. Key metrics like Net Present Cost and Levelized Cost of Energy are used to identify cost-effective solutions tailored to the VIT Chennai.