Quantitative Comparison of Yield, Quality, and Metabolic Products of Different Medicinal Parts of Two Types of Perilla frutescens Cultivated in a New Location from Different Regions

This study focuses on multiple origins of green-back purple and dual-faced purple <i>Perilla frutescens</i>, employing field cultivation experiments combined with detection methods, such as HPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS, to compare the differences in yield, quality, and metabolic products of the different colored <i>P. frutescens</i>. The results indicate that green-back purple <i>P. frutescens</i> significantly outperformed dual-faced purple <i>P. frutescens</i> in terms of leaf, stem, and seed yields, while the effective component contents in the leaves and seeds of dual-faced purple <i>P. frutescens</i> are higher than those of dual-faced green <i>P. frutescens</i>. An analysis of the anthocyanin components in <i>P. frutescens</i> leaves and the volatile components in <i>P. frutescens</i> seeds shows that the total anthocyanin content in dual-faced purple <i>P. frutescens</i> leaves is 34.63% higher than that in green-back purple <i>P. frutescens</i>, whereas the total volatile components in the seeds of green-back purple <i>P. frutescens</i> exceeds those in dual-faced <i>P. frutescens</i> by 12.99%. The Mantel test indicates a potential correlation mechanism between the anthocyanin components in <i>P. frutescens</i> leaves and the volatile components in <i>P. frutescens</i> seeds, which are significantly associated with the yield quality of both <i>P. frutescens</i> leaves and seeds. This study found that <i>P. frutescens</i> with blue-green leaves yields more than double-sided purple <i>P. frutescens</i>, although the quality of its leaves and seeds is inferior to that of double-sided purple <i>P. frutescens</i>. Furthermore, the anthocyanin components in <i>P. frutescens</i> leaves and the volatile components in <i>P. frutescens</i> seeds exhibit significant correlations with the yield and quality of both leaves and seeds, offering important insights for the production and application of <i>P. frutescens</i>.