Study on the Simulation of “6.21” Major LPG Explosion Accident at the Fu Yang Barbecue Restaurant in Yinchuan, Ningxia

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) leaks and explosions have become increasingly frequent, posing serious threats. This study uses the “6.21” LPG explosion at the Fuyang Barbecue Restaurant in Yinchuan, Ningxia, as a case study. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the event. Findings indicate that propane created a nonuniform concentration field in the restaurant, with concentrations increasing from top to bottom. Pressure–time curves at three kitchen monitoring points (P3, window-left, and ignition point) showed an “M” shape due to structural and turbulence effects. The shock wave’s direct impact led to a “Λ” shape in overpressure time history curves at other first-floor points. Externally, the second-degree burn range for 1 s exposure reached 35.82 m. The hazardous overpressure zone measured 58.3 m long and 21.5 m wide, and the fatality zone extended to 25.1 m. This research offers crucial insights for preventing and investigating LPG cloud explosions in confined spaces.