Infertility associated with chemotherapy and other physical factors

Advances in cancer treatment have improved survival rates and quality of life for survivors, but often come with the side effect of reduced sperm count or azoospermia, which can be temporary or permanent. Radiation and certain drugs are likely to cause a reduction in sperm count in the long term. However, newer drugs derived from natural sources have only modest benefits, particularly on the endocrine aspects of the male reproductive system. This article aims to assess the effects of chemotherapy on infertility and explore measures to minimise its impact. In addition to cytotoxic drugs, other drugs may affect male fertility through various mechanisms, such as altering hormone levels or inducing sexual dysfunction and alterations in spermatogenesis.