The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Prostate Cancer Screening amongst Men Aged 18 and above in Zambezi Region, Namibia.

The prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health issue worldwide, including Namibia as a developing country. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding screening of PCa among men aged 18 and above in Zambezi region. The study utilized a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive. A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive approach was used, with 391 men from all six constituencies of the Zambezi Region. The results showed that respondents had moderate knowledge of prostate cancer and a generally positive attitude (49.9%) toward screening. However, this knowledge and attitude did not appear to influence actual screening practices, which were low at just 4.1%. The p-values of 0.927 and 0.692 are much greater than 0.05, indicating no statistically significant difference in the knowledge and attitude levels across the different constituencies. Regarding the practices, the variance of 0.3 was insignificant in performing a test. There was no relationship between knowledge and practices, attitudes and practices as indicated by the p-values. According to the data, significant positive associations (OR > 1, p-value < 0.05) were found in the 28-37 age group: OR = 3.05, p-value < 0.0001; 48-57 Age Group: OR = 2.71, p-value = 0.032; Single Individuals: OR = 3.12, p-value < 0.0001; Christianity: OR = 1.41, p-value = 0.009; and Employed: OR = 1.50, p-value = 0.112 (approaching significance) Significant negative associations (OR < 1, p-value < 0.05), were found in married individuals: OR = 0.61, p-value = 0.009; Tertiary Education: OR = 0.64, p-value = 0.012; and Unemployed: OR = 0.37, p-value < 0.0001. Non-significant associations were found in groups such as the 58 and above age group, divorced individuals, primary-level, education, and other religions. These did not show statistically significant associations with attitudes toward screening of PCa. The infinity ORs (widowed, Islam) was due to no negative attitudes recorded in these groups, leading to an undefined result. The study concluded that knowledge and attitudes has no significant impact on screening practices therefore recommends further exploration into psychological factors and practice of PCa screening. In addition, a qualitative study to understand barriers to PCa screening and quantitative retrospective study on the analysis of the distribution of KAP within the six constituencies/ clusters of Zambezi region, Namibia.