Perfil bioquímico según patrones alimentarios en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis

SUMMARY Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant public health concern due to its increasing prevalence and associated complications. Nutrition significantly influences the nutritional status and metabolic profile of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Objective: To describe the biochemical and anthropometric profiles, as well as dietary patterns, of patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 127 hemodialysis patients in Guayaquil, Ecuador, during 2024. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical markers, and dietary patterns were evaluated using a 24-hour dietary recall method. Statistical analysis included means and standard deviations. Results: Patients had an average age of 54.66 ± 17.08 years, with a predominance of normal weight (54%). Hyperazotemia (100%), hypercreatininemia (100%), hypocalcemia (80%), and hypoalbuminemia (33%) were recorded. Caloric intake was insufficient in 90.55% of patients (1147.85 ± 496.69 kcal/day), while protein intake was excessive in 94.49%. Significant deficiencies were noted in fiber (98.43%), zinc (79.53%), folates (94.49%), and potassium (100%). Conclusions: Patients on hemodialysis presented significant nutritional imbalances, highlighting insufficient energy and micronutrient intake coupled with excessive protein consumption, along with significant biochemical alterations such as hyperazotemia, hypercreatininemia, and hypocalcemia. Personalized dietary strategies aimed at improving nutritional profiles and preventing metabolic complications in this population are strongly recommended.