Review on Advancements in Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles

The rapid development of electric vehicles presents substantial opportunities to enhance the use of clean energy in the ongoing transformation of the automotive industry. On-Board chargers (OBC) are commonly used in electric vehicles due to their low cost and ease of installation. Limited space and short charging times in the electric vehicle require OBC to be high efficient and power-dense. Moreover, the capacity to feed power back into the grid has generated renewed interest in bidirectional power flow solutions in the vehicle industry. This article shows a detailed overview of the current status of OBC technology, including architectures and configurations, smart modes of operations essential elements, standards in the marketplace, and commercial solutions. It also looks at the most recent developments in bidirectional OBCs, focusing on problems and future trends in topologies, wide band-gap technologies, wireless charging systems, and system integration. A comprehensive study of possible topologies for bidirectional OBCs, including single-phase and double-phase layouts, is provided.