Stabilise Power Grid Systems from Fluctuating Renewable Energy Sources Production with Artificial Immune System

The deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind turbines and solar panels is increasingly widespread, as the world approaches a pivotal moment in transitioning from fossil fuels to sustainable energy. However, the integration of RES into power grids poses challenges due to their inherent variability and unpredictability in electricity production, spanning from weekly to daily fluctuations. Maintaining a stable voltage to ensure grid reliability becomes problematic under such circumstances. To address this issue, the use of artificial immune system (AIS) is proposed for optimising and stabilising electricity networks. In this approach, anomalies in RES voltage are treated as pathogens, which the AIS algorithm addresses by adjusting the network's voltage configuration. Using Python and the pyPSA package, an electricity network model with fixed consumption nodes and RES production nodes is simulated, based on the IEEE 9-bus architecture. The objective is to replicate discontinuities in RES production and apply the AIS algorithm to stabilise the power grid. This study aims to contribute to the development of a novel methodology for optimising electricity networks using AIS.