Role of Flexibility in Thermal Plants for Energy transition

The Power sector across the world is undergoing a transformative shift towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources. This research paper delves into the intricate dynamics of the evolving energy landscape in Indian power sector, focusing on different sector related parameters viz. load profile analysis, flexible operation insights, and future actions for coal-based thermal plants. The analysis recommends that storage additions, including Pumped Hydro and Lithium-ion batteries, have potential to mitigate the requirement for flexible operation, which is projected to reach approximately 1% (presently around 0.2%) by 2030. Acknowledging the limitations of human control for high flexible generation needs the digitalization of coal-based thermal plants and gas plants emerges as a key necessity for achieving the desired levels of flexibility. Implementation of ancillary services through flexible operations stands out as a revenue-generating strategy for the electricity sector. Addressing future actions for coal-based thermal plants, the analysis assumes that all plants can engage in flexible operation. However, considering the aging infrastructure, particularly with 52 GW (20% of the total) expected to be over 25 years old by 2030, challenges may arise. Sufficient storage capacity, such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), proves instrumental in mitigating ramp rate requirements posed by older plants, while research and development efforts should focus on improving boiler response times for enhanced flexibility.As India navigates its energy transition, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to strategically plan and implement measures that ensure a resilient and sustainable electricity sector.