Real-time Bidding and Dispatch Strategies for Electric Vehicle Aggregator in Joint Energy and Reserve Markets Considering EV User’s Preference

In this paper, we propose real-time bidding and dispatch strategies for an electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) in joint energy-reserve markets, considering the preferences of EV users in offering flexibility. First, a real-time EVA bidding model in joint markets is formulated, integrating the quantification and pricing of the EV users’ flexibility contribution. The stochastic model predictive control technique (sMPC) is employed to solve the bidding problem online and address the uncertainties from the electricity markets and the EV users. Second, based on minimizing flexibility compensation and power re-adjustment costs, we propose a power dispatch protocol that ensures a profitable and feasible allocation. Numerical results verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.