Data-Driven Adaptive Control for Frequency Perturbations in Power Systems with PV-SmartParks

Seamless operation of PV plants during both transient and dynamic conditions is imperative for all stakeholders including energy control centers. Fast and dampened transient response, low steady-state error, and stability are sought for power system operation with PV plants. For PV power perturbation at point of interconnection (POI), this can be further supported by deploying auxiliary fast-acting non-synchronous generation such as SmartParks (SPs). SmartParks are parking lots with a large number of electric vehicles performing bidirectional power transfers, namely, vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle. In this study, a data-driven adaptive frequency controller (DD-AFC) was developed for SPs to compensate for frequency perturbations at PV-POI. The DD-AFC was incorporated into the controller of SPs to provide a fast response for frequency perturbations caused by PV-site power perturbations. The adaptiveness of the frequency droop comes from data-driven empirical characterization of the PV plant operation at the PV-site location using time-series data analytics. The DD-AFC supports fast-frequency control response by SPs for mitigating fast power perturbation at PV-POIs. The effectiveness of the DD-AFC was illustrated via real-time simulations of a bulk power system with a 210MW<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> PV plant and 100MW<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> of SmartParks in RTDS.