Optimal Scheduling of Energy Internet with VPP and Energy Distributor under Master-Slave Game

With the reform of the electricity market, the coupling relationship between sources and loads has gradually transformed into a complex competitive structure in which sources and loads interact with each other. The change of energy price will change the usage of load side, and the load usage will in turn affect the energy price. In order to better study the interaction between sources and loads, this paper introduces an energy distributor between the virtual power plant (VPP) and the user group, whose pricing strategy, which is higher than the feed-in tariff and lower than the time-of-use tariff, makes the energy distributor the first choice for the VPP to sell and the user group to buy. First, the revenues of the energy distributor and the VPP are modeled separately with the user groups' spending on purchasing energy as the objective function. Second, the game relationship between the revenues of energy distributors and VPPs and the spending of user groups is analyzed, and the Stackelberg game model is proposed to prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution. Finally, the solution is carried out on Matlab by combining heuristic algorithm and solver. The results show that the game model proposed in this paper can not only effectively weigh the interests of energy distributors, VPPs and user groups, but also realize the win-win situation of energy distributors, VPPs and user groups, and provide an effective solution for comprehensive energy utilization.