Optimization of Hybrid Biogas-Solar Energy Systems for Sustainable Power Generation in Mauritania

This paper presents the optimization and performance analysis of hybrid biogas-PV systems for sustainable power generation in Rosso, Mauritania. The study employs HOMER software to model and optimize both on-grid and off-grid configurations, utilizing local data on solar irradiance, biomass availability, and load demand. The most optimal on-grid system configuration includes 801 kW of PV, a 100 kW biogas generator, and a 408 kW converter, achieving a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.041/kWh and a net present cost (NPC) of $1.89M. The off-grid system, with 177 kW of PV, a 100 kW biogas generator, 111 kWh of battery storage, and a 75.8 kW converter, yields an LCOE of $0.128/kWh and an NPC of $830,896. Advanced optimization algorithms, including the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), were applied to further refine the results, with slight LCOE and system size improvements. Environmental impact assessments indicate significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, particularly with the off-grid system. The results highlight the feasibility and economic potential of hybrid biogas-PV systems in Mauritania and similar regions and emphasize the role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable and reliable power generation.