Control Strategy of Energy Storage System Participating in Primary Frequency Regulation Based on Model Predictive Control

In this paper, a control strategy of energy storage system (ESS) participating in primary frequency regulation based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. The control strategy aims to improve the system frequency dynamics and ensure the long-term performance of ESS during primary frequency regulation. The frequency deviation and state of charge (SOC) are used as the inputs of the model predictive controller to obtain the control signal for ESS. The frequency regulation demand and the SOC recovery are both taken into consideration. The control strategy is divided into different stages based on the frequency deviation. Then, the output power of ESS in each phase is determined based on MPC. Finally, the strategy is simulated and verified in a typical regional power system. The cases under step load disturbance and continuous load disturbance are simulated. The frequency regulation index and the SOC maintenance index are analyzed. The simulation results show that compared to the droop control strategy, the MPC proposed in this paper can obtain a good frequency regulation effect while ensuring its SOC maintenance effect.