Optimization and Performance Analysis of PMUs Allocation for Identification of Single-Line-to-Ground Faults with Line Break

Transmission and distribution networks experience greater risk of single-line-to-ground faults with line breakage (SLGFs-LBs). SLGFs have identical source-side electrical properties and operate under distinct distribution network conditions, making them hard to differentiate in resonant and ungrounded grounding systems. This study develops a new distribution network defect detection approach using PSO, GSA and PMU technologies to improve efficiency and reliability. This method optimises PMU placement intelligently and flexibly. SLGFs-LBs are distinguished from SLGFs. Both fault types’ source and load side voltage characteristics are investigated and the phase difference between the failed and non-failed phases on the load side is chosen as the differentiation condition. Simulation studies validate the method’s efficacy and robustness. The proposed technique is intended to detect distribution network issues involving single-line-to-ground faults (SLGFs) caused by line breakage (SLGF-LB). Finally, this technique aims to improve distribution network dependability by enhancing fault identification skills through accurate characterization of flaws.