Integrated Infrastructure Strategy for Sustainable Electrical Vehicles Charging Stations and Transportation Networks

The adoption of Electric Vehicles(EVs) is growing because of their environment-friendly properties and more efficient, With the increasing shift toward EVs, the need for a robust and well-coordinated charging infrastructure has become critical. The current lack of sufficient Fast Charging Stations (FCS) poses a significant challenge to supporting widespread EV usage. Proper planning of charging stations, both in terms of location and capacity, is essential to accommodate rising EV demand. Complicating this process is the interdependence between Transportation Networks (TN) and Power Distribution Networks (PDN), which requires a unified approach for efficient large-scale EV integration. This paper introduces a coordinated planning approach for integrating EV charging stations within both TN and PDN frameworks. A detailed optimization model is presented to identify the optimal locations and capacities for charging stations based on EV traffic patterns and power network capabilities. The traffic flow across the transportation network is modelled using an unconstrained traffic assignment method, while the PDN is represented through a linearized power flow model. To capture the complex interactions between TN and PDN, the model employs a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework that incorporates constraints from both networks. Through simulations on coupled traffic and power networks, the proposed approach demonstrates its effectiveness in optimizing EV charging infrastructure, facilitating a smoother transition to electric mobility.