Optimal Configuration and Operation of DC Distribution Network Integrated with Hybrid Energy Storage System

DC distribution networks exhibit substantial advantages in integrating renewable energy sources, reducing operational losses, and facilitating the plug-and-play capability of electrical devices. However, the inherent uncertainty of renewable energy generation significantly compromises the safe and stable operation of DC distribution networks. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) are pivotal in enhancing power quality and ensuring operational stability in DC distribution. This paper presents a bi-level optimization model for the configuration of HESS. The upper-level model addresses the optimal siting and sizing of the HESS, while the lower-level model focuses on the optimal operation of the DC distribution network. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed model, showing notable improvements in power quality within the DC distribution network. The bi-level optimization framework developed in this study offers valuable insights and serves as a reference for other systems incorporating HESS.