Optimization Study on the Operation of Micro-energy Network of Photovoltaic-storage Agricultural Greenhouses Based on the Choice of Operation Mode

The photovoltaic (PV) microgrid system plays a crucial role in achieving the dual-carbon goals, with the integration of "agricultural greenhouses + PV" emerging as an innovative model for power generation and use in rural areas, effectively mitigating land resource occupation. This study integrates agricultural greenhouses, photovoltaic power generation, and energy storage devices to develop a photovoltaic-storage agricultural greenhouse micro-energy grid system that meets the electricity, heating, and cooling demands of agricultural greenhouses. A cost-benefit model is proposed under two project operation modes: self-built and self-consumption (SIC) and contract management (EPC), considering the farmers' financial capacity. An optimization model is then established for the operation of the photovoltaic-storage agricultural greenhouse micro-energy network, incorporating project operation mode selection and a robust optimization model to account for photovoltaic output uncertainty. This approach enables accurate modeling of electricity transactions, charging and discharging processes, and load management under different operational modes. Finally, the model is applied to a village agricultural greenhouse in the Gannan area, where simulations are conducted to determine the optimal operation strategy and energy storage capacity. The results indicate that the system requires an energy storage capacity of 27.91 kWh with a maximum output of 18.67 kW. The cost of one year after depreciation is 81,083.69 yuan for the SIC model and 74,216.22 yuan for the EPC model. The findings suggest that incorporating an energy storage system reduces costs for farmers, with the EPC model offering greater cost savings.