Active Distribution Network Planning Considering Flexibility of Distributed Energy Resources

As the penetration of distributed resources (DRs), such as electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy systems, continues to rise, effective distribution network planning faces increasing complexity. This paper presents an active distribution network planning model that takes into account network topology and distributed resources. The proposed model incorporates a wide range of flexible resources, including EVs and energy storage systems (ESS), to optimize demand-side load regulation and ensure the reliable and flexible operation of the distribution network. By analyzing the integration of DRs into network topology, the model addresses key challenges such as peak load reduction and cost optimization. The research highlights the importance of considering diverse DRs in network planning to enhance system efficiency, reliability, and resilience, particularly under conditions of high renewable energy penetration. Case studies validate the model’s effectiveness, demonstrating significant reductions in both peak loads and operational costs. The result shows a reduction of total cost by more than 11% compared with methods that only consider a distributed resource.