Coordinated Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources in Virtual Power Plants Considering Electric Vehicle Penetration

This paper presents an optimization model for Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) that enhances the coordinated operation of distributed generation, energy storage, and flexible loads, aimed at achieving cost-effective and stable power system management. The model addresses the volatility inherent in renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic and wind power, through dynamic energy storage control and demand response strategies. The energy storage system strategically adjusts its charging and discharging based on electricity price fluctuations, contributing to peak shaving and arbitrage opportunities. Additionally, the load transfer mechanism effectively reduces demand fluctuations and peak loads, further stabilizing the grid. The proposed model incorporates various cost components, including market transactions, generator operations, and deviation penalties, to minimize overall operational costs. The findings demonstrate the significant potential of VPPs in facilitating efficient resource utilization, economic optimization, and grid stability, providing insights into the practical deployment of VPPs in future renewable-integrated power systems.