Improved Grey Wolf Optimized Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for Offshore DC Microgrid

Offshore DC microgrids provide a pathway for realizing carbon-neutral power systems in remote and isolated areas. However, managing bus voltages, addressing peak demand, and controlling power converter operations are significant issues. This article explores an offshore microgrid system that comprises wind, PV, and tidal energy systems as the main energy sources (MES) and a battery subsystem as an auxiliary energy source (AES). To address the stochastic nature of these renewable energy sources (RESs) and load demand, the battery subsystem is connected to the DC bus via a bi-directional converter that facilitates charging and discharging phenomenon. A centralized control framework powered by improved grey wolf optimization technique (IGWO) and integral terminal sliding mode controller (ITSMC) has been developed to track the optimal power point for RESs provided by a supervisory energy management system. The stability of the proposed control scheme has been validated using Lyapunov stability criteria. Furthermore, the proposed offshore 700V and 22kW microgrid structure and control framework have been realized using MATLAB/Simulink simulations.