Energy Storage Planning Method of Renewable Energy Power System Considering Coordination of Transmission and Distribution Systems

Energy storage is a vital resource for enhancing flexibility in the renewable energy power system and plays a significant role in ensuring the stable operation of the power grid. The key to utilizing energy storage effectively and economically lies in the planning configuration method. To address this, this paper proposes an energy storage planning model for a renewable energy power system that considers the coordination between transmission and distribution. First, a chance constraint based on a Gaussian mixture model is established to capture the uncertainties associated with wind power and photovoltaics, thereby ensuring that the bus voltage of the distribution network remains within a safe range with high confidence. Second, a bi-level optimization model for energy storage planning is formulated with the objective of maximizing social welfare. In this model, the upper level addresses the location and scale of energy storage, while the lower level focuses on the electricity market clearing problem. Utilizing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, the strong duality theorem, and linearization techniques, the bi-level model is transformed into a single-layer mixed-integer linear programming model, which is more straightforward to solve. Finally, the modified IEEE 24-node system, combined with a dual IEEE 33-node system, is selected for numerical analysis, and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.