Effects of Physical Activity as A Treatment For Depression in the Elderly

Background: Physical activity is widely acknowledged as an effective strategy for alleviating depressive symptoms in the elderly, offering significant benefits for mental health and overall well-being in this population. Objective: To identify the most effective exercise modalities for treating depression in older adults, based on scientific evidence. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted using PRISMA protocols and the PICO strategy to define the research question and select articles. Databases PubMed, Scielo, and BVS (Lilacs & Medline) were searched, resulting in 21 articles included in the analysis. Results: Aerobic and resistance training proved effective in reducing depressive symptoms, particularly with regular practice. Aerobic exercise was linked to enhanced neuroplasticity and mood modulation through molecular pathways like PGC-1α/FNDC5/Irisin and increased BDNF levels. Resistance training improved self-esteem and energy levels. Adherence to exercise programs was influenced by motivational factors and social support. Discussion: Personalized interventions combining aerobic and resistance modalities are more effective, particularly when integrated with psychosocial therapies and pharmacological support. Conclusions: Physical activity is an essential tool for healthy aging and should be integrated into geriatric care as part of a holistic approach to treating depression.