Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most cancer prevalent intensifying disease that results in mortality amongst people about the globe. Besides causing hepatic sequelae, HCC can have systemic effects, particularly regarding inflammation, metabolically driven changes, and even cardiovascular problems. Methods: We conducted an angry sectional observational by 213 patients with HCC confirmed through imaging. Captured variables included HCV, chronic alcohol and smoking habits, and other co-morbidities like hypertension and diabetes, along with various lab tests like liver function tests, lipid profile and various cardiac biomarkers. After descriptive summaries of each variable, analyses were conducted using chi square testing and multi variate logistic regression. Results: Common underlying conditions of hypertension and diabetes were diagnosed in 20.5% and 21.9% of patients respectively. Alcohol and tobacco use were high as well, where results were indicated at 47% and 42.3%, respectively. For patients with hypertension, the previously noted incidence of cardiovascular complications was 68.1%. A similar complications rate of 64.5% was noted for patients with diabetes. In regard to hypertension (sensitivity 69.25% and specificity 73%), multivariate logistic regression revealed that diabetes (OR 2.13) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.85) also independently contributed (p < 0.05) to having cardiovascular complications. Some of more advanced complications were accompanied by elevated cardiac biomarkers. Conclusion: Increased risk diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular complications intervene as timeous lifestyle adjustments are made. In the case of patients with HCC, cardiovascular risk assessment should be performed as an integral part of effective multidisciplinary therapy.