Transformative Role of LLMs in Digital Forensic Investigation: Exploring Tools, Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities

In the evolving realm of digital forensics, the admissible nature of trustworthy digital evidence in a court of law necessitates the application of scientifically validated digital forensic investigative techniques to substantiate a suspected security event. The incorporation of LLMs represents a transformative technology, set to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of digital forensics investigations. A thorough literature analysis is conducted, including current digital forensic models, tools, large language models (LLMs), deep learning methodologies, and the application of LLMs in investigative processes. The review delineates the issues in current digital forensic methodologies and examines the barriers and potential of integrating LLMs. This study emphasizes the need of integrating LLMs into digital forensics, providing insights into their advantages, disadvantages, and wider implications for addressing contemporary cyber threats.