Influence of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Fly Ash (FA) on the workability and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an advanced material for complex construction applications requiring accurate formwork, high reinforcement density, and superior surface finishes. The ability to flow and consolidate under its weight eliminates the need for mechanical vibration, thereby improving construction efficiency, reducing labor costs, and ensuring greater homogeneity. SCC is widely employed in underground structures, high-rise buildings, and load-bearing elements where strength, durability, and workability are critical. Graphene oxide (GO) and fly ash (FA) enhance SCC's performance. GO enhances compressive strength, crack resistance, and durability through microstructural refinement and crack propagation inhibition, while FA improves workability, reduces water demand, and increases durability by lowering permeability and shrinkage. The partnership between GO and FA meets SCC performance standards and enhances its applicability in high-performance and sustainable construction. This study examined the effects of GO content (0% and 0.03% by binder weight) and FA content (15%, 25%, and 35%) on the workability and mechanical qualities of SCC. A series of studies were performed to assess the workability features of SCC, together with two principal mechanical properties: compressive strength and flexural tensile strength at 28 days. The findings demonstrate that while an increase in GO content diminishes flowability owing to its elevated specific surface area, the appropriate incorporation of FA mitigates this effect, leading to a combination with enhanced mechanical properties. SCC with 0.03% GO and 25% FA attained the maximum compressive strength at 28 days.