Aesthetic rehabilitation of gingival phenotype in the projection of dental implants using an allogeneic dura mater graft

The aim of the study was to investigate the use of allografts from dura mater for rehabilitation of soft tissues in the projection of dental implants. Material and methods. The study included the patients of dental polyclinics of Ekaterinburg (n=40), divided into two groups. The 1st group patients underwent apical displacement of the split mucous flap, the 2nd group – plasty with closure of the wound surface with allogenic material from the dura mater. The growth of keratinized attached gingiva was assessed immediately after surgery 6 months after surgical treatment using microscopic studies, photography and changes in the thickness of the gingiva on a histological preparation. Results and discussion. The performed comparative analysis showed that after the operation with the use of the allograft from the dura mater in the patients the tissues close to the gingival tissues were determined in the implantation zone, which were completely replaced by the transplanted allograft. The structure of the epithelium cells corresponded to the norm. Deep scarring of tissues was not determined. Conclusions. The analysis of the obtained data has shown that the gingival tissues in the area of the implant projection 6 months after the operation without the use of transplants are approaching the phenotype of “thin” or “average” gingiva by its thickness, while with the use of allogeneic transplants from the dura mater the phenomenon of “thick” gingiva without the signs of inflammatory processes is formed. The obtained data confirm the prospects of using allografts from the dura mater in mucogingival surgery.