Evolutionary attraction–repulsion algorithm embedded with LLM for UAV task allocation

Labor division provides an adaptive and scalable technique for unmanned systems. However, its designing process usually relies heavily on the manually crafted paradigms, leading to inefficiencies and insufficient performance. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduce an evolutionary approach to labor division algorithm design . Drawing inspiration from the regulatory behaviors observed in natural lion populations, we propose a bipolar feedback-guided attraction–repulsion mechanism. A formal model is developed to encapsulate this mechanism, and we provide an in-depth analysis of the algorithm’s evolution through the framework of systems science. In addition, we leverage prompt engineering techniques to integrate a large language model (LLM) with our proposed mechanism, facilitating a bidirectional enhancement between the two. This integration culminates in the development of the ARE-LLM framework, a robust and adaptive solution for designing labor division algorithms. To demonstrate the practical applicability of our approach, we apply the ARE-LLM framework to the UAV-based task allocation problem for enemy air defense suppression. The experimental results indicate that our method outperforms several advanced approaches. In a scenario involving 50 UAVs tasked with completing 300 assignments, the total distance traveled is only 9 % of that required by the ALPDA algorithm, while the processing time is reduced to 8 % of that used by ALPDA.