Exploring Learning Gaps in the Functions Subtopic: A Study of Form 4 KSSM Additional Mathematics Pretest Results of Secondary School Students

Understanding functions is a crucial aspect of the Form 4 Additional Mathematics curriculum under the KSSM syllabus. However, many students struggle to grasp its core concepts, highlighting potential gaps in instructional effectiveness. This study aims to assess students' proficiency in the Functions subtopic through a diagnostic pretest administered to a group of talented students in secondary school. Methods included the analysis of pretest results to identify common misconceptions and knowledge gaps, using statistical tools to interpret student performance. The results revealed significant areas where students lacked understanding, particularly in inverse functions and composite functions. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in teaching methods. In conclusion, this study provides insights into students' challenges with functions and suggests strategies for improving learning outcomes. Future research may extend this approach to other mathematical topics to enhance overall student competency.